Voltage, Current and Resistance

     

Voltage

         Voltage is expressed in terms of volts (V) which has a relationship of 1 volt is equal to 1 Joule per Coulomb. Voltage is defined as " The work required per unit charge to move charges ".  Almost ALL basics circuits contain a voltage source such as the battery, similar to diagram shown below. This picture to help us to understand the idea of how voltage works. 

                  The voltage is like a piston which pushes the "fluid" through a pipe. This is representing the voltage pushing current through the circuit. 

Current

               Current is "The rate of flow of electrons through a circuit".  when you have a battery which is connected to a wire pushing those electric charges, it creates a current. Current can be thought of as the amount of charge that passes through a space per unit time (a second usually). Current is read in the unit of ampere (A). 1 Ampere is equal to 1 Coulomb per second.

              

                   From the picture above, the current flow moves around the completed loop of the circuit. If the voltage was kept at a constant ,then the current would be higher with the less amount of resistance.

Resistance

                     Resistance is " The opposition to the flow of electrons ". FOR EX- The rocks in the river that slow down the movement of the water,and decrease the  speed of the flow. Resistivity is given in Ohms per meter and an example resistivity would be 1.7 x 10^-8 (which is copper, the most commonly used wire material). 

                        The picture above is of an actual "resistor" which is a component of a circuit. The bands across a resistor are a color code scheme to label how much resistance the resistor has. 

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PLC And Embedded Training

PLC AND EMBEDDED TRAINING

                 

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Transformer

	A transformer is a device which is use to convert high alternatic voltage to a low    alternatic voltage and vice versa.
	WORKING PRINCIPLE
	Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction of two coils. When current in the primary coil is changed the flux linked to the secondary coil also changes. Consequently an EMF is induced in the secondary coil.
	CONSTRUCTION
	A transformer consists of a rectangular core of soft iron in the form of sheets insulated from one another. Two separate coils of insulated wires, a primary coil and a secondary coil are wound on the core. These coils are well insulated from one another and from the core. The coil on the input side is called Primary coil and the coil on the output side is called Secondary coil.
	WORKING
	Suppose an alternatic voltage source Vp is connected to primary coil. Current in primary will produce magnetic flux which is linked to secondary. When current in primary changes, flux in secondary also changes which results an EMF Vs in secondary. According to Faradays law EMF induced in a coil depends upon the rate of change of magnetic flux in the coil. If resistance of the coil is small then the induced EMF will be equal to voltage applied.

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